Ontobras 2019 - Keynote Speech: Events and their context
By Nicola Guarino
*My own comments are marked with an asterisk
Objects (endurants) are involved in an event in different levels
E.g. John is thinking of Mary under the tree.
Focus: mental attitude (towards Mary) in John's mind
Maximal participant: John
Core participant: John's mind
Contextual participants: the three, the sun...
Virtual participant: Mary
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The philosophical debate on events: unifiers vs. multipliers
- unifiers - whatever happens in a spatiotemporal region. Thus, what Nicola calls scene is a unique event for unifiers
- multipliers - events are exemplification of properties (Kim); the exemplification of a change of x during t (Lombard)
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Nicola believes that different event names typically reflect different core aspects of what happened, so that event descriptions are not arbitrary
These core aspects can be captured by specifying, for each verb:
- its cognitive focus;
- the nature of its participants;
- what happens in the background.
----
Qualitative Events
- We shall focus here on qualitative events. Existential and mereological events will not be considered.
----
Qualities are subjects of events
- Aristotle (ref: Physics) says: in a process of change, we may distinguish three elements: That which changes, that in which it changes, and the actual subject of change.
- The proper subject of change are not the object (as suggested by Lombard), but qualities of the object.
Then, Nicola presents the concept of quality as defined in Dolce and UFO (foundational ontologies)
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Nicola then discussed the role of the event description's core verb in understanding the participation of objects in events.
----
Event vs. Scene
Scene is viewed by some as a mix of objects and events. However, for Nicola, this is very problematic ontologically, especially because of having to account for objects as "part-of" events, which is strange.
By Nicola Guarino
*My own comments are marked with an asterisk
Objects (endurants) are involved in an event in different levels
E.g. John is thinking of Mary under the tree.
Focus: mental attitude (towards Mary) in John's mind
Maximal participant: John
Core participant: John's mind
Contextual participants: the three, the sun...
Virtual participant: Mary
----
The philosophical debate on events: unifiers vs. multipliers
- unifiers - whatever happens in a spatiotemporal region. Thus, what Nicola calls scene is a unique event for unifiers
- multipliers - events are exemplification of properties (Kim); the exemplification of a change of x during t (Lombard)
----
Nicola believes that different event names typically reflect different core aspects of what happened, so that event descriptions are not arbitrary
These core aspects can be captured by specifying, for each verb:
- its cognitive focus;
- the nature of its participants;
- what happens in the background.
----
Qualitative Events
- We shall focus here on qualitative events. Existential and mereological events will not be considered.
----
Qualities are subjects of events
- Aristotle (ref: Physics) says: in a process of change, we may distinguish three elements: That which changes, that in which it changes, and the actual subject of change.
- The proper subject of change are not the object (as suggested by Lombard), but qualities of the object.
Then, Nicola presents the concept of quality as defined in Dolce and UFO (foundational ontologies)
----
Nicola then discussed the role of the event description's core verb in understanding the participation of objects in events.
----
Event vs. Scene
Scene is viewed by some as a mix of objects and events. However, for Nicola, this is very problematic ontologically, especially because of having to account for objects as "part-of" events, which is strange.
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